For older people and frail people, the long-term benefit of medicines reduces and the potential for harm from adverse effects increases. When the benefit–risk balance changes in this way, medicine review and optimisation are important to simplify the therapeutic regimen, reduce inappropriate medicines and minimise risks. In this article, pharmacist prescriber Linda Bryant uses two case studies to illustrate important considerations during medicine reviews
Pain in the great toe of athletes can have a variety of causes
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In print
Sports medicine
Pain in the great toe of athletes can have a variety of causes
Wednesday 13 December 2023, 12:35 AM

“Sand toe” is used to describe a hyper-plantarflexion injury to the great toe joint [Image: Robin Edqvist on Unsplash]
Sports physician Steve Targett looks at great toe injuries, with a reminder of the anatomy involved
This Practice article has been endorsed by the RNZCGP and has been approved for up to 0.25 credits for continuing professional development purposes (1, Educate small, BACK panel - grey
Kia ora and welcome to New Zealand Doctor Rata Aotearoa
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References
Landorf K, Simons S, Jordan C, et al. Foot pain. In: Brukner P, Clarsen B, Cook J, et al (eds). Brukner & Khan’s Clinical Sports Medicine: Injuries, Volume 1, 5th edition. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2017.
Lim S, Liem B. First metatarsophalangeal joint pain in athletes: Diagnosis, management, and return to play considerations. Curr Sports Med Rep 2023;22(6):217–23.