For older people and frail people, the long-term benefit of medicines reduces and the potential for harm from adverse effects increases. When the benefit–risk balance changes in this way, medicine review and optimisation are important to simplify the therapeutic regimen, reduce inappropriate medicines and minimise risks. In this article, pharmacist prescriber Linda Bryant uses two case studies to illustrate important considerations during medicine reviews
Sweet urine, bitter outcome: Empagliflozin and balanoposthitis
Sweet urine, bitter outcome: Empagliflozin and balanoposthitis

Sexual health specialist Massimo Giola continues his series of short, mostly clinical case-based sexual health articles. This year, he has in mind a mix of transgender medicine and sexology topics, but he starts with a genital dermatology issue he has seen a few times recently
Kia ora and welcome to New Zealand Doctor Rata Aotearoa
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1. Johnsson KM, Ptaszynska A, Schmitz B, et al. Vulvovaginitis and balanitis in patients with diabetes treated with dapagliflozin. J Diabetes Complications 2013;27(5):479–84.
2. Nyirjesy P, Sobel JD, Fung A, et al. Genital mycotic infections with canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pooled analysis of clinical studies. Curr Med Res Opin 2014;30(6):1109–19.