For older people and frail people, the long-term benefit of medicines reduces and the potential for harm from adverse effects increases. When the benefit–risk balance changes in this way, medicine review and optimisation are important to simplify the therapeutic regimen, reduce inappropriate medicines and minimise risks. In this article, pharmacist prescriber Linda Bryant uses two case studies to illustrate important considerations during medicine reviews
Covid-19 update: 1675 new cases, six deaths
Covid-19 update: 1675 new cases, six deaths

Cases of Covid-19 have risen slightly since last week, as health officials declared a whooping cough epidemic.
There have been 1675 new cases of Covid-19 reported in New Zealand over the week to Sunday, and six further deaths attributed to the virus.
There were 83 cases in hospital; it is not known how many of those were in intensive care.
The seven-day rolling average of new cases was 239 per day.
The latest figures come as Health NZ director of public health Dr Nicholas Jones said a number of countries were reporting record levels of pertussis (whooping cough), possibly due to lower infection rates during the Covid-19 pandemic.
As in previous epidemics, Māori and Pacific pēpi would be most affected, he said.
Last week Te Whatu Ora reported 1411 new cases and four further deaths.
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