For older people and frail people, the long-term benefit of medicines reduces and the potential for harm from adverse effects increases. When the benefit–risk balance changes in this way, medicine review and optimisation are important to simplify the therapeutic regimen, reduce inappropriate medicines and minimise risks. In this article, pharmacist prescriber Linda Bryant uses two case studies to illustrate important considerations during medicine reviews
Management subtleties of aortic valve stenosis
Management subtleties of aortic valve stenosis

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This article was first published online on 17 July.
Consultant cardiologist Chris Ellis looks at the management of aortic valve stenosis, which varies based on severity and patient risk factors
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Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J 2022;43(7):561–632.