Otolaryngologist, head and neck surgeon Francis T. Hall discusses the evaluation of thyroid nodules, which primarily aims to determine the likelihood of malignancy. He then reviews the treatment of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer, including recent advances in management
Cow’s milk protein allergy arising in infancy has two mechanisms

IgE-mediated milk protein allergy is likely to be easy to diagnose, but the delayed symptoms of non IgE-mediated milk allergy are harder to diagnose and to manage. This update on milk allergy also dispels some misconceptions around “lactose intolerance” in babies
Kia ora and welcome to New Zealand Doctor Rata Aotearoa
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1. Koletzko S, Niggeman B, Arato A et al. Diagnostic approach and management of cow’s milk protein allergy in infants and children: ESPGHAN GI Committee practical guidelines. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012 Aug;55(2):221–29.
2. Vandenplas Y. Prevention and management of cow’s milk allergy in non-exclusively breastfed infants. Nutrients. July 2017;9(7);731. doi:10.3390/nu9070731 [Free access].