For older people and frail people, the long-term benefit of medicines reduces and the potential for harm from adverse effects increases. When the benefit–risk balance changes in this way, medicine review and optimisation are important to simplify the therapeutic regimen, reduce inappropriate medicines and minimise risks. In this article, pharmacist prescriber Linda Bryant uses two case studies to illustrate important considerations during medicine reviews
Does lowering lipoprotein(a) have an impact on cardiovascular risk?
Does lowering lipoprotein(a) have an impact on cardiovascular risk?

Consultant cardiologist Chris Ellis looks at what we know and what we don’t know about lipoproteins, cardiovascular risk and optimal management
Kia ora and welcome to New Zealand Doctor Rata Aotearoa
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1. Katsiki N, Vrablik M, Banach M, et al. Inclisiran, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein (a). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;16(4):577.
2. O’Riordan M. Two Lp(a)-Lowering Therapies Clear Bar in KRAKEN and ALPACAR-360. TCTMD, 18 November 2024.
3. Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 2020;41(1):111–88.