For older people and frail people, the long-term benefit of medicines reduces and the potential for harm from adverse effects increases. When the benefit–risk balance changes in this way, medicine review and optimisation are important to simplify the therapeutic regimen, reduce inappropriate medicines and minimise risks. In this article, pharmacist prescriber Linda Bryant uses two case studies to illustrate important considerations during medicine reviews
Conscientious objection in healthcare: For and against

Academics Angela Ballantyne and Janine Penfield Winters provide opposing opinions on the issue of conscientious objection in healthcare
Kia ora and welcome to New Zealand Doctor Rata Aotearoa
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Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003, s174 and the Contraception, Sterilisation and Abortion Act 1977, s46. General laws that protect rights to religious expression (eg, the Bill of Right Act 1990 and the Human Rights Act 1993) will also apply in many employment situations and may provide for the legal right to conscientiously object to the provision of other (non-reproductive) services.
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Hippocrates
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E. Pellegrino, lecture at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. 2004.
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Garland A, Connors AF, Physicians' influence over decisions to forego life support. J Palliat Med 2007,10(6):1298-305.
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Pellegrino E, The Physician’s Conscience, Conscience Clauses, and Religious Belief: A Catholic Perspective. Fordham Urban Law Journal 2002, 30:221–44; Wicclair MR. Conscientious Objection in Medicine. Bioethics 2002,14: 205-227