For older people and frail people, the long-term benefit of medicines reduces and the potential for harm from adverse effects increases. When the benefit–risk balance changes in this way, medicine review and optimisation are important to simplify the therapeutic regimen, reduce inappropriate medicines and minimise risks. In this article, pharmacist prescriber Linda Bryant uses two case studies to illustrate important considerations during medicine reviews
Hearing loss

Holly Teagle explains how New Zealand doctors can be part of the solution to increase awareness of hearing loss and its impact on humanity. This article covers screening, diagnosis and prevention of hearing loss, as well as how hearing loss can be effectively treated and supported across the lifespan
Kia ora and welcome to New Zealand Doctor Rata Aotearoa
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1. Deloitte Access Economics, commissioned by The National Foundation for the Deaf. Listen Hear! New Zealand: The Economic Impact and Cost of Hearing Loss in New Zealand. February 2017. www.nfd.org.nz/listen-hear-2017
2. Mitchell S, Nakhid-Schuster L, Neeff M. Adult cochlear implant recipients and meningitis in New Zealand: are patients receiving the recommended immunisations? N Z Med J 2020;133(1511):14–20.
3. Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet 2020;396(10248):413–46.
4. Strutt PA, Barnier AJ, Savage G, et al. Hearing loss, cognition, and risk of neurocognitive disorder: evidence from a longitudinal cohort study of older adult Australians. Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2020; 28 December online.
5. Manuel AR, Searchfield G, Curtis E. Hearing loss and hearing service experiences among older Māori and whānau: a scoping review. N Z Med J 2021;134(1535):50–70.