Otolaryngologist, head and neck surgeon Francis T. Hall discusses the evaluation of thyroid nodules, which primarily aims to determine the likelihood of malignancy. He then reviews the treatment of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer, including recent advances in management
What we know and do not know about chronic traumatic encephalopathy in sport
+Practice
Sports Medicine
What we know and do not know about chronic traumatic encephalopathy in sport
Wednesday 31 March 2021, 12:35 AM

A primary physical manifestation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a reduction in brain weight
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder linked to repetitive brain trauma, such as blows to the head in contact sport. Here, sports physician Steve Targett simplifies the current understanding of this complex and somewhat controversial topic
Key points, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is associated with a clinical features, so diagnosis can only be made post-mortem by identifying typical pathological
Kia ora and welcome to New Zealand Doctor Rata Aotearoa
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References
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- Omalu BI, DeKosky ST, Minster RL, et al. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a National Football League player. Neurosurgery 2005;57(1):128–34.
- McKee AC, Cairns NJ, Dickson DW, et al. The first NINDS/NIBIB consensus meeting to define neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2016;131(1):75–86.
- Mackay DF, Russell ER, Stewart K, et al. Neurodegenerative disease mortality among former professional soccer players. N Engl J Med 2019;381(19):1801–08.
- Russell ER, McCabe T, Mackay DF, et al. Mental health and suicide in former professional soccer players. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020;91(12):1256–60.
- Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet 2020;396(10248):413–46.